How do our memories differ from our experiences?
The peak-end rule
, explained.What is the Peak-end Rule?
The peak-end rule is a psychological heuristic that changes the way we recall past events. We remember a memory or judge an experience based on how they felt at the peak moments, as well as how they felt at the end.1
Where this bias occurs
When recalling memories, individuals are usually shocked when they understand how biased their memory of an event is. The peak-end rule infiltrates many of our minds in both positive and negative ways.
Childbirth is a classic case of how a positive ending detracts from an overall negative experience or painful experience. Memories associated with childbirth are influenced by peak emotions experienced during, and at the end of the birth. Thus, the positive memory of a child being born can outweigh the pain endured throughout the process.2
In contrast, romantic partners separating is an example of a negative ending, detracting from the overall positive experience. Though the relationship may have been good for a long time, an individual usually vividly remembers breakups, especially if they were painful, and recall heartbreak when thinking back to their relationship.2
