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Unitasking: How to Get More Done in Less Time

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Nov 28, 2017

""Open new tab. Check inbox. Respond to emails. Switch to Facebook. Scroll down mindlessly. Open new tab. Time to get some work done. Take down some quick notes. Text. Repeat. Take a look at the to-do list…gasp.""

Have you ever found yourself falling into this overwhelmingly effort-consuming task series? Once perceived as an elusive virtue, multitasking, the act of dealing with more than one task at the same time, has now been shown to adversely impact brain regions responsible for higher cognitive abilities and informational processing, as discussed below. It often slows us down and increases the number of errors we make, all while simultaneously giving us a false sense of productivity. [1],[2]

The dopamine highs from rapidly switching from one task to another establish neural feedback loops that are hard to overwrite. Experience tells us that traditional solutions like checking emails only 3 times a day or turning off mobile phone notifications are nearly impossible to adapt to for the long term. Instead, ‘unitasking’ — focusing on one task at a time by using techniques like clumping similar tasks together, blocking out distractions, and designating relaxation time — may prove to be the healthier way out of this inevitable trap.

References

[1]: Altmann EM, Trafton JG, Hambrick DZ. (2014). Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 143(1). 215-226.

[2]: Weinschenk, Susan. (2012, September 18). The True Cost Of Multi-Tasking. Retrieved November 20, 2017, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-wise/201209/the-true-cost-multi-tasking

[3]: Loh, K.K., and Kanai, R. (2014). Higher Media Multi-Tasing Activity is Associated with Smaller Gray-Matter Density in the Anterior Cingualte Cortex. PLos One 9, no, 9: e106698.

[4]: Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(37), 15583-15587. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903620106

[5]: Iqbal, S.T., Horvitz, E. (2007). Disruption and Recovery of Computing Tasks: Field Study, Analysis and Directions. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2007), San Jose, California, USA, pp. 677-686.

About the Author

A woman with straight, dark hair and bangs, wearing a white top and earrings, looks directly at the camera in a brightly lit room with brown furniture and slatted blinds.

Ipsitaa Khullar

Yale

Ipsitaa Khullar received her Bachelor’s degree from Yale University where she double majored in Economics and Psychology and conducted research in clinical & social psychology, consumer behavior, and development economics. She is currently studying cross-cultural differences in ‘belonging’ between Indian and American college students. Having spent two summers working at J-PAL, Ipsitaa is interested in guiding public policy informed by behavioral principles.

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