Fake News
What is Fake News?
Fake news is news that is presented as legitimate information, but is in fact deliberately false or misleading. This type of misinformation is usually designed to manipulate public opinion or generate viral traffic online. It typically spreads rapidly through social media platforms, exploiting cognitive biases and emotional reactions to maximize engagement. Understanding and identifying fake news is crucial for promoting media literacy, protecting democracy, and reducing its harmful impact.
The Basic Idea
Mini zebras. Single-horned goats. Unicorns. Bat-winged humanoids and bipedal beavers, all on the moon. If you opened The Sun newspaper in 1835, these magical creatures likely would’ve captivated your attention. The New York newspaper fabricated these stories, known as the “Great Moon Hoax,” spreading rumors about life on the moon and illustrating how easily false information can masquerade as truth. Later that year, the author revealed that the articles had been made up, but the event revealed just how easily the media can deceive its readers.1
Fake news refers to deliberately fabricated or misleading information presented as legitimate news, often designed to manipulate public opinion, generate clicks, or achieve political or financial gain. It mimics the format and style of real journalism but lacks factual accuracy and journalistic integrity. Nearly two centuries after The Sun’s charade, fake news has evolved far beyond whimsical tales of lunar life, now posing serious threats to democracy, public health, and social cohesion. As misinformation spreads with unprecedented speed and sophistication, understanding its roots, psychological pull, and real-world impacts has never been more urgent.
“In an age where there's so much active misinformation, and it's packaged very well, and it looks the same when you see it on a Facebook page or you turn on your television… if everything seems to be the same and no distinctions are made, then we won't know what to protect.”
— Barack Obama, former President of the United States
About the Author
Annika Steele
Annika completed her Masters at the London School of Economics in an interdisciplinary program combining behavioral science, behavioral economics, social psychology, and sustainability. Professionally, she’s applied data-driven insights in project management, consulting, data analytics, and policy proposal. Passionate about the power of psychology to influence an array of social systems, her research has looked at reproductive health, animal welfare, and perfectionism in female distance runners.
