Why do we think the past is better than the future?

The 

Declinism

, explained.
Bias

What is Declinism?

Declinism is the tendency to see the past in an overly positive light and to view the present or future in an overly negative light, leading us to believe that things are worse than they used to be. Declinism is often a feeling harbored about the overall state of a country, society, or institution, with the view that it is in decline or getting worse.

Where this bias occurs

Think back to the last time you tuned into the news. You are likely to have been presented with negative and violent stories, whether they be about racism, COVID-19, or the climate crisis. 

How are those news stories likely to make us feel? Probably like society is in impending doom. It is difficult not to think that things are constantly getting worse when these are the images we are presented with. When these kinds of news stories are combined with hearing our parents or grandparents tell stories about “the good old times”, we tend to overestimate how great the past was and overestimate how negative the present is. This leads to declinism, a negative bias that makes us believe that the worst is yet to come.  

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Sources

  1. Spruyt, B., Keppens, G., & Van Droogenbroeck, F. (2016). Who supports populism and what attracts people to it? Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916639138
  2. Etchells, P. (2018, February 14). Declinism: Is the world actually getting worse? The Guardian. 
  3. Chavern, D. C. (2014, October 14). Chavern: America must choose not to decline. Statesman News Network. https://www.statesman.com/news/20141014/chavern-america-must-choose-not-to-decline
  4. Singer, P. (2011, October 9). Is violence history? The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/books/review/the-better-angels-of-our-nature-by-steven-pinker-book-review.html
  5. Mann, J. (2017, August 8). What do you mean, the good old days? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/apr/28/housewives-fifties-good-old-days
  6. COVID19 recovery. (n.d.). COVID19 RECOVERY. https://www.covid19recovery.net/about-us
  7. Gopnik, A. (2011, September 12). Decline, fall, rinse, repeat. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/09/12/decline-fall-rinse-repeat
  8. Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A., Milaneschi, Y., An, Y., Ferrucci, L., & Zonderman, A. B. (2013). The effect of birth cohort on well-being. Psychological Science, 24(3), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459658
  9. Elchardus, M. (2017). Declinism and Populism. Clingendael Spectator 3, 71(1), 1-10. https://spectator.clingendael.org/pub/2017/3/_/pdf/IS-2017-3-elchardus.pdf https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2015/jan/16/declinism-is-the-world-actually-getting-worse
  10. Neimanis, A., Åsberg, C., & Hedrén, J. (2015). Four problems, four directions for environmental humanities: Toward critical Posthumanities for the Anthropocene. Ethics and the Environment, 20(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.2979/ethicsenviro.20.1.67

 

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